St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

Add Comparison

2021 Population

142,219

2.52% 1-year growth

US Senator

Bill Cassidy

Republican Party

US Senator

John Kennedy

Republican Party

2021 Median Age

0.985% 1-year increase

2021 Poverty Rate

11.1%

5.23% 1-year increase

2021 Median Household Income

$79,292

3.45% 1-year growth

2021 Median Property Value

$272,400

5.17% 1-year growth

2021 Employed Population

60,710

4.57% 1-year growth

About

In 2021, St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA had a population of 142k people with a median age of 41 and a median household income of $79,292. Between 2020 and 2021 the population of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA grew from 138,729 to 142,219, a 2.52% increase and its median household income grew from $76,647 to $79,292, a 3.45% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA are White (Non-Hispanic) (85.1%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (5.6%), White (Hispanic) (2.89%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.99%), and Two+ (Hispanic) (1.33%).

5.19% of the households in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

98% of the residents in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Regional Planning Commission 1--St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA are Aveda Arts & Sciences Institute-Covington (1,811 degrees awarded in 2021), Delta College Inc (136 degrees), and Saint Joseph Seminary College (19 degrees).

In 2021, the median property value in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was $272,400, and the homeownership rate was 80.7%.

Most people in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 31.5 minutes. The average car ownership in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was 2 cars per household.

St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA borders Tangipahoa & Washington Parishes PUMA, LA, St. Tammany Parish (Southeast) PUMA, LA, Jefferson Parish (North) PUMA, LA, New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA, and Pearl River, Hancock, George & Stone Counties PUMA, MS.

United States Louisiana

Population & Diversity

St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA is home to a population of 142k people, from which 98% are citizens. As of 2021, 4.01% of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA residents were born outside of the country (5.7k people).

In 2021, there were 15.2 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (121k people) in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 7.96k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 4.11k White (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA are Spanish (4,211 households), French (Incl. Cajun) (825 households), and Vietnamese (323 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

72,351

Women

50.8%

70,023

Men

49.2%

The resident population of United States in 2021 was 142,374 inhabitants, with 49.2% men, and 50.8% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

98%

2021 Citizenship

98.3%

2020 Citizenship

As of 2021, 98% of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2020, the percentage of US citizens in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was 98.3%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA

White (Non-Hispanic)
121k ± 2.49k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
7.96k ± 1.2k
White (Hispanic)
4.11k ± 740

5.35%

Hispanic Population

7.61k people

5.35% of the people in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA are hispanic (7.61k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Honduras
980 ± 766 people
India
454 ± 522 people
Canada
360 ± 465 people

In 2021, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was Honduras, the natal country of 980 St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA residents, followed by India with 454 and Canada with 360.

Foreign-Born Population

4.01%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

5.7k people

3.65%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

5.07k people

As of 2021, 4.01% of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA residents (5.7k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2020, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was 3.65%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
4,211 households (3.14%)
French (Incl. Cajun)
825 households (0.615%)
Vietnamese
323 households (0.241%)

5.19% of the households in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2021, the most common non-English language spoken in households in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was Spanish. 3.14% of the households in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
2,427 ± 366
Gulf War (2001-)
1,453 ± 397
Gulf War (1990s)
1,093 ± 300

St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.67 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA employs 60.7k people. The largest industries in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA are Elementary & secondary schools (4,315 people), Construction (4,224 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (3,990 people), and the highest paying industries are Oil & gas extraction ($170,581), Pharmaceutical & medicine manufacturing ($169,638), and Other administrative & other support services ($160,682).

Males in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA have an average income that is 1.66 times higher than the average income of females, which is $60,122. The income inequality in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA (measured using the Gini index) is 0.487, which is higher than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

25,983

Women

44.8%

32,075

Men

55.2%

The workforce of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA in 2020 was 58,058 people, with 44.8% woman, and 55.2% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

60.7k

2021 Value

4.57%

1 Year growth

± 4.57%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA grew at a rate of 4.57%, from 58.1k employees to 60.7k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA, are Other managers (1,720 people), Registered nurses (1,673 people), and Elementary & middle school teachers (1,435 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Louisiana (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

View Full Dashboard

Industries

Employment by Industries

60.7k

2021 Value

4.57%

1 Year growth

± 4.57%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA grew at a rate of 4.57%, from 58.1k employees to 60.7k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA, are Elementary & secondary schools (4,315 people), Construction (4,224 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (3,990 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA, though some of these residents may live in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$60,819

Median earning men ± $4,914

$38,320

Median earning women ± $2,581

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2021 are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($93,463), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($88,074), and Manufacturing ($82,500).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2021 are Manufacturing ($68,224), Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($51,442), and Construction ($50,243).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

Y-Axis

2.75%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 155M people employed in Louisiana. This represents a 2.75% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Louisiana.

View Full Dashboard

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Louisiana to other states, or from other states to Louisiana.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

Gasoline
$48B
Coal-n.e.c.
$46.7B
Fuel oils
$46.4B

In 2020, the top outbound Louisiana product (by dollars) was Gasoline with $48B, followed by Coal-n.e.c. ($46.7B) and Fuel oils ($46.4B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Louisiana products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Louisiana.

$371B

2020 Value in Louisiana

$691B

Projected 2050 Value in Louisiana

86.1% growth

In 2020, total outbound Louisiana trade was $371B. This is expected to increase 86.1% to $691B by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Louisiana trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Louisiana to other states, or from other states to Louisiana.

Most Common Trade Partners

Texas
$48.8B
Mississippi
$24.6B
Florida
$8.21B

In 2020, the top outbound Louisiana domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Texas with $48.8B, followed by Mississippi with $24.6B and Florida and $8.21B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Louisiana shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Louisiana went to Donald J. Trump with 58.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (39.9%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.01%).

Bill Cassidy and John Kennedy are the senators currently representing the state of Louisiana. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Louisiana is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA. Showing the available data for Louisiana.

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (58.5%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (39.9%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.01%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Louisiana went to Donald J. Trump with 58.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (39.9%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.01%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Louisiana for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Louisiana

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

Bill Cassidy

Senator from Louisiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2015

John Kennedy

Senator from Louisiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2017

Bill Cassidy and John Kennedy are the senators currently representing Louisiana.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Louisiana over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Louisiana

Louisiana is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Louisiana have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2021, universities in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA awarded 1,966 degrees. The student population of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA in 2021 is skewed towards women, with 210 male students and 2,646 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA are White (955 and 48.6%), followed by Black or African American (456 and 23.2%), Hispanic or Latino (262 and 13.3%), and Unknown (222 and 11.3%).

The largest universities in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA by number of degrees awarded are Aveda Arts & Sciences Institute-Covington (1,811 and 92.1%), Delta College Inc (136 and 6.92%), and Saint Joseph Seminary College (19 and 0.966%).

The most popular majors in Regional Planning Commission 1--St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA are Aesthetician & Skin Care Specialist (982 and 49.9%), General Cosmetology (829 and 42.2%), and Licensed Practical & Vocational Nurse Training (48 and 2.44%).

The median tuition cost in Regional Planning Commission 1--St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA for private four year colleges is $20,500.

Admissions & Enrollments

Enrollments by Gender and Races

In 2021 there were 2,856 students enrolled in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA, 7.35% men and 92.6% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 1,245 records, of which 91.6% were women and 8.35% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

Licensed Practical & Vocational Nurse Training
48 degrees awarded
Medical Assistant
39 degrees awarded
General Cosmetology
829 degrees awarded

In 2021, the most common concentation for 1 to 2 Year Postsecondary Certificate recipients in Regional Planning Commission 1--St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was Licensed Practical & Vocational Nurse Training with 48 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a 1 to 2 Year Postsecondary Certificate from schools in Regional Planning Commission 1--St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Aveda Arts & Sciences Institute-Covington
1,811 degrees awarded
Delta College Inc
136 degrees awarded
Saint Joseph Seminary College
19 degrees awarded

In 2021, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Aveda Arts & Sciences Institute-Covington with 1,811 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

In 2021, 65 men were awarded degrees from institutions in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA, which is 0.0342 times less than the 1,901 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2021 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 955 degrees mean that there were 2.09 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 456 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($20,500) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2021.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($2,310) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2021.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,300) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2021, 0.364% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.352% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA in 2021 were Bachelors Degree (28.7k), High School or Equivalent (25k), and Some college (24.3k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was $272,400 in 2021, which is 1.11 times larger than the national average of $244,900. Between 2020 and 2021 the median property value increased from $259,000 to $272,400, a 5.17% increase. The homeownership rate in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA is 80.7%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.6%.

People in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA have an average commute time of 31.5 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA is $79,292. In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was Ascension Parish PUMA, LA with a value of $86,256, followed by St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA and Lafayette Parish (South) PUMA, LA, with respective values of $79,292 and $76,180.

Housing

Property

$272,400

Median Property Value 2021

±$6,388

$43,363

Median Property Taxes

±$1,847

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

80.7%

Homeownership

2021

65.8%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2021

In 2021, 80.7% of the housing units in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 80.2%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was Ascension Parish PUMA, LA with a value of $86,256, followed by St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA and Lafayette Parish (South) PUMA, LA, with respective values of $79,292 and $76,180.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$79,292

Median Household Income

± $2,756

53.8k

Number of Households

± 2,046

In 2021, the median household income of the 53.8k households in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA grew to $79,292 from the previous year's value of $76,647.

The following chart displays the households in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.487

2021 Wage GINI in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA

0.482

2020 Wage GINI in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA

In 2021, the income inequality in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was 0.487 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 1.09% growth from 2020 to 2021, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA was higher than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2021

Drove Alone (80.1%)
Worked At Home (11.7%)
Carpooled (6.12%)

In 2021, 80.1% of workers in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (11.7%) and those who carpooled to work (6.12%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

31.5 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA have a longer commute time (31.5 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.8 minutes). Additionally, 3.53% of the workforce in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

11.1% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA (15.5k out of 140k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.6%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Males 6 - 11 and then Females 35 - 44.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

93.9% of the population of St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA has health coverage, with 51.2% on employee plans, 12.9% on Medicaid, 13.8% on Medicare, 14.7% on non-group plans, and 1.31% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Louisiana see 1434 patients per year on average, which represents a 2.18% decrease from the previous year (1466 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1759 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 305 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

1,434 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Louisiana

Primary care physicians in Louisiana see an average of 1,434 patients per year. This represents a 2.18% decrease from the previous year (1,466 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Louisiana in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2021, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 25.7% under 18 years, 16.4% between 18 and 34 years, 40.8% between 35 and 64 years, and 17.1% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 48% were men and 52% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

6.07%

Uninsured

51.2%

Employer Coverage

12.9%

Medicaid

13.8%

Medicare

14.7%

Non-Group

1.31%

Military or VA

Between 2020 and 2021, the percent of uninsured citizens in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA declined by 11.7% from 6.87% to 6.07%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.